|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|||||||
Chronology
of the War and
Government
Changes in Afghanistan
1839-1842 1st Anglo- Afghan War
1878- 1880 2nd Anglo- afghan War
1881-1901 Consolidation of the state under Amir abdul Rahman
1901 Habibullah succeeds his father
1919 Habibullah assassinated, Amanullah takes throne.
3rd Anglo –Afghan war, with independence in foreign relations
Recognized by Great Britain
1921 1st constitution of Afghanistan
1928 Rebellion against Amanullah; Bacha-y-Saqao proclaimed Amir
1929 Nadir shah takes Kabul, beginning of Durrani dynasty
1933 Nadir shah assassinated, succeeded by his son Muhammed Zahir
Shah
1949-1952 “Liberal Parliament”
1964-1973 “New Democracy”
1973 Ex-Prime Minister Daoud stages coup
1978 sawr Revolution, PDPA takes power
1979 USSR sends in troops
1980 Babrak karmal installed as President of Afghanistan by USSR
1985 Gorbachev takes power in USSR; Soviet policy towards
Afghanistan begins to change
1986 karmal goes into exile in USSR
1987 Dr, Najibullah installed as President
1988 Beginning of Soviet withdrawal
1989 Last of Soviet troops leave
1991 UN tries but fails to get political settlement
1992 Dostum deserts government, takes control in Mazar. Mujahideen
take Kabul. Under Peshawar Accords of 26 April, Mujaddidi
becomes President, followed by Burhanudin Rabani. Fierce
fighting in Kabul.
1993 fighting in Kabul continues. New international effort leads to
Islamabad Accords in March.
1994 Taliban emerge to challenge the Mujahideen and move on to take
Kandahar. Mujahideen eventually from the Northern Alliance,
Led by Ahmad shah Maood.
1995 Taliban take Heart.
1996 Taliban take Kabul in September, execute Najibullah and his brother
1997 In May, General Malik allies with Taliban to force Dostum from
Mazar, then turns to Taliban, inflicting heavy Losses.
Taliban attacks Mazar in September, setting in motion
1996 Taliban take Kabul in September, execute Najibullah and his brother
1997 In May, General Malik allies with Taliban to force Dostum from
Mazar, then turns to Taliban, inflicting heavy Losses.
Taliban attacks Mazar in September, setting in motion new fighting.
Malik flees and Dostum returns.
1998 UN ceasefire calls ignored.
1998 August: US bombs suspected terrorist bases allegedly operated by
Osama Bin Lading in east Africa. Local shoot dead an Italian UN
Staffers. UN and most foreign aid workers evacuate Afghanistan.
Taliban control 80 percent of the country.
November: Taliban declare bin Laden not guilty of crimes alleged by Washington
1999 March: UN international staff and NGO staff return after an eight-Month absence. UN-sponsored peaces are talks result in power Fresh fighting dashes sharing agreement but hopes of peace.
July: US imposes trade sanction against the Taliban continuing
To harbour Bin Laden. Taliban launch summer offensive.
November: UN Security Council imposes sanctions on Ariana
Airlines Taliban assets abroad.
Afghanistan, a Land in Shadow,